Revolusi Digital dalam Layanan Konseling: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31602/jbkr.v12i1.24018Kata Kunci:
Konseling Daring, Kesehatan Mental Daring, Chatbot, Kecerdasan Buatan, Konseling ElektronikAbstrak
Digital technology transformation has significantly reshaped counseling practices through the integration of tele-mental health, artificial intelligence (AI)-based chatbots, and interactive digital platforms. This study aimed to examine the development, effectiveness, and implementation challenges of digital technology in counseling services using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and analyzed Scopus-indexed articles published between 2023 and 2026. The findings indicate that telecounseling and AI-based interventions enhance service accessibility, intervention efficiency, and user engagement. Digital technologies also support more responsive and sustainable counseling services through data-driven monitoring and intervention systems. However, several challenges remain, including concerns about data privacy and security, therapeutic relationship quality, algorithmic bias, and disparities in users’ digital literacy. The review further reveals that technology cannot fully replicate empathy and contextual understanding, which are essential components of effective counseling relationships. Therefore, the study highlights the importance of developing hybrid counseling models that combine technological efficiency with the relational strengths of human counselors to ensure effective, safe, and sustainable mental health services._____________________________________________________________
Transformasi teknologi digital telah mengubah praktik konseling melalui integrasi tele-mental health, chatbot berbasis kecerdasan buatan (AI), dan platform digital interaktif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji perkembangan, efektivitas, serta tantangan implementasi teknologi digital dalam layanan konseling melalui pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR). Proses telaah dilakukan menggunakan pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) terhadap artikel terindeks Scopus yang diterbitkan pada periode 2023–2026. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa telekonseling dan intervensi berbasis AI mampu meningkatkan aksesibilitas layanan, efisiensi intervensi, serta keterlibatan pengguna dalam proses konseling. Teknologi digital juga mendukung pengembangan layanan yang lebih responsif dan berkelanjutan melalui sistem pemantauan dan intervensi berbasis data. Namun, implementasinya masih menghadapi berbagai tantangan, seperti isu privasi dan keamanan data, kualitas hubungan terapeutik, bias algoritma, serta kesenjangan literasi digital pengguna. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi belum mampu sepenuhnya menggantikan aspek empati dan pemahaman kontekstual yang menjadi inti hubungan konseling. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan layanan konseling digital perlu diarahkan pada model konseling hibrida yang mengintegrasikan efisiensi teknologi dengan kekuatan relasional konselor untuk mewujudkan layanan kesehatan mental yang efektif, aman, dan berkelanjutan.Referensi
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