Intervensi Cognitive Behavioral Therapy pada Fenomena Body Dissatisfaction: Kajian Literatur Sistematis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31602/jbkr.v12i1.22016Kata Kunci:
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Body Dissatisfaction, Citra Tubuh, Kajian Literatur Sistematis, PRISMAAbstrak
Body dissatisfaction is a psychological concern experienced by adolescents and adults and is associated with low self-esteem, eating problems, anxiety, depression, and sociocultural pressure related to unrealistic appearance standards. This study aimed to systematically review the effectiveness, mechanisms, and intervention formats of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for reducing body dissatisfaction. The review followed PRISMA 2020 reporting guidance and synthesized 14 selected articles published between 2015 and 2025 from Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Study selection was conducted through identification, screening, eligibility assessment, and inclusion stages, while methodological quality and risk of bias were appraised qualitatively using the principles of the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 2018. The findings indicate that CBT generally shows beneficial effects in reducing body dissatisfaction and improving positive body image, particularly through cognitive restructuring, emotion regulation, behavioral exercises, and exposure-based techniques. Group-based CBT appears useful for strengthening social support and self-acceptance, whereas digital CBT offers brief and flexible access for adolescents and young adults. However, the evidence should be interpreted cautiously because several studies used small samples, pre-experimental designs, short follow-up periods, and heterogeneous outcome measures. Therefore, CBT can be considered a promising intervention, but stronger randomized studies and culturally diverse trials are still needed.
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Fenomena body dissatisfaction merupakan permasalahan psikologis yang dialami remaja dan dewasa, serta berkaitan dengan rendahnya harga diri, gangguan makan, kecemasan, depresi, dan tekanan sosial akibat standar penampilan yang tidak realistis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meninjau secara sistematis efektivitas, mekanisme kerja, dan bentuk intervensi Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) dalam menurunkan body dissatisfaction. Penelitian menggunakan desain Kajian Literatur Sistematis dengan mengacu pada pedoman pelaporan PRISMA 2020. Sebanyak 14 artikel terpilih yang dipublikasikan pada periode 2015–2025 diperoleh dari Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar. Seleksi artikel dilakukan melalui tahap identifikasi, penyaringan, penilaian kelayakan, dan inklusi, sedangkan kualitas metodologis serta risiko bias dinilai secara kualitatif menggunakan prinsip Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) 2018. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa CBT secara umum memberikan manfaat dalam menurunkan body dissatisfaction dan meningkatkan citra tubuh positif, terutama melalui restrukturisasi kognitif, regulasi emosi, latihan perilaku, serta teknik paparan. CBT kelompok bermanfaat untuk memperkuat dukungan sosial dan penerimaan diri, sedangkan CBT digital menawarkan akses singkat dan fleksibel bagi remaja dan dewasa muda. Namun, temuan perlu ditafsirkan secara hati-hati karena beberapa studi menggunakan sampel kecil, desain pra-eksperimen, periode tindak lanjut singkat, dan ukuran luaran yang heterogen. Dengan demikian, CBT merupakan intervensi yang menjanjikan, tetapi masih diperlukan penelitian acak terkontrol dengan konteks budaya yang lebih beragam.
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